Also, the moiré effect can be used for other purposes, such as the moiré interferometry, 40 – 42 the moiré deflectometry, 43 the optical alignment, 44, 45 the visual security (cryptography), 46, 47 and many other applications. The first solution of this previously unknown moiré problem was proposed in Ref. In contrast, it appears to be possible to arrange the moiré patterns so the resulting pattern would carry useful informational content (including 3-D). 27 – 31 An inverse problem is to find the position (shape) of another grating based on the observed moiré patterns when positions of an observer and of one grating are known together with the parameters of the grating this is a topic of the 3-D shape measurement. 26įinding characteristics of patterns based on the layouts of the layers is a direct problem. The moiré effect was observed not only under visible light but also under rays and beams of different nature, for instance, in electron beams, 23 infrared light, 24 and x-rays, 25 as well as at the nanoscale in graphene layers. This is especially important for autostereoscopic 3-D displays, 15 – 23 where the moiré effect may often occur due to their typical design. The necessity of the minimization of the moiré patterns in three-dimensional (3-D) displays was first stated 14 in the early 2000s. 12, 13 The elimination or the reduction of the moiré patterns in displays is an important issue of improvement in the visual quality. Such additional visual background decreases the contrast on the display screen and consequently reduces the image quality therefore in imaging and displays, the moiré effect is an undesirable adverse visual effect. In visual displays, the moiré effect may create an unwanted and sometimes unexpected image of bands (as in Fig. 1) or patterns (as in Fig. 3). The examples of static displays are a printed picture or photograph, poster, and postcard. The dynamic displays are CRT TV, LCD, and OLED. Generally speaking, visual displays can be either dynamic or static. Same period of moiré patterns in (a) square and (b) hexagonal grids of identical periods.
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